Dissection of a WordPress theme: Part 3

Translation:

Resources:

Personalising a blog can require patience and perseverance. There are times when it seems a fruitless task and the blog absolutely refuses to do what you want, despite your best efforts. There are many sources of information on the internet, but it can be hard to locate exactly what you need.

One of the simplest solutions is to look at other people’s work and see if you can make use of their ideas. This is the third part in a series of articles concerned with the dissection of the default WordPress theme, Kubrick. The hope is that walking through this theme may provide help for your own blog or, at the very least, open up new areas of research. After all, there is no shortage of information out there.

Previous guides have resulted in the creation of a basic theme framework. The header and footer elements have been completed, but the body section is still very much devoid of style. This part will focus on the sidebar, the navigational centre of a blog, and flesh out its raw contents to be more functional and attractive.

The sidebar is where a visitor first looks when they have finished reading a blog posting. It tells them what else your blog has to offer, how to find it, and where to go next. It can be a great aid in directing visitors, or it can confuse them entirely. A confused visitor is not likely to return and so we should persuade them to stay as long as possible.

Step 1 – The sidebar

The first part in describing the sidebar is to look at the code, taken from sidebar.php:

<div id="sidebar">
  <ul>
    <li><?php include (TEMPLATEPATH . '/searchform.php'); ?></li>

    <!-- Author information is disabled per default. Uncomment and fill in your details if you want to use it.
    <li><h2><?php _e('Author'); ?></h2>
    <p>A little something about you, the author. Nothing lengthy, just an overview.</p>
    </li>
    -->

    <li>
			<?php /* If this is a category archive */ if (is_category()) { ?>
			<p>You are currently browsing the archives for the <?php single_cat_title(''); ?> category.</p>

			<?php /* If this is a yearly archive */ } elseif (is_day()) { ?>
			<p>You are currently browsing the <a href="<?php echo get_settings('siteurl'); ?>"><?php echo bloginfo('name'); ?></a> weblog archives
			for the day <?php the_time('l, F jS, Y'); ?>.</p>

			<?php /* If this is a monthly archive */ } elseif (is_month()) { ?>
			<p>You are currently browsing the <a href="<?php echo get_settings('siteurl'); ?>"><?php echo bloginfo('name'); ?></a> weblog archives
			for <?php the_time('F, Y'); ?>.</p>

			<?php /* If this is a yearly archive */ } elseif (is_year()) { ?>
			<p>You are currently browsing the <a href="<?php echo get_settings('siteurl'); ?>"><?php echo bloginfo('name'); ?></a> weblog archives
			for the year <?php the_time('Y'); ?>.</p>

			<?php /* If this is a monthly archive */ } elseif (is_search()) { ?>
			<p>You have searched the <a href="<?php echo get_settings('siteurl'); ?>"><?php echo bloginfo('name'); ?></a> weblog archives
			for <strong>'<?php echo wp_specialchars($s); ?>'</strong>. If you are unable to find anything in these search results, you can try one of these links.</p>

			<?php /* If this is a monthly archive */ } elseif (isset($_GET['paged']) && !empty($_GET['paged'])) { ?>
			<p>You are currently browsing the <a href="<?php echo get_settings('siteurl'); ?>"><?php echo bloginfo('name'); ?></a> weblog archives.</p>
			<?php } ?>
    </li>

    <?php wp_list_pages('title_li=<h2>' . __('Pages') . '</h2>' ); ?>

    <li>
			<h2><?php _e('Archives'); ?></h2>
      <ul><?php wp_get_archives('type=monthly'); ?></ul>
    </li>

    <li>
			<h2><?php _e('Categories'); ?></h2>
      <ul><?php list_cats(0, '', 'name', 'asc', '', 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,'','','','','') ?></ul>
    </li>

    <?php /* If this is the frontpage */ if ( is_home() || is_page() ) { ?>       

      <?php get_links_list(); ?>
      <li><h2><?php _e('Meta'); ?></h2>

      <ul>
        <?php wp_register(); ?>
        <li><?php wp_loginout(); ?></li>
        <li><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer" title="<?php _e('This page validates as XHTML 1.0 Transitional'); ?>"><?php _e('Valid <abbr title="eXtensible HyperText Markup Language">XHTML</abbr>'); ?></a></li>
        <li><a href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/"><abbr title="XHTML Friends Network">XFN</abbr></a></li>
        <li><a href="http://wordpress.org/" title="<?php _e('Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.'); ?>">WordPress</a></li>
        <?php wp_meta(); ?>
      </ul>
      </li>

    <?php } ?>
  </ul>
</div>

There’s a lot of code here so let’s break it down carefully. At its most basic, the sidebar consists of a single div called sidebar (line 1). Inside this is an unordered list, with many items (lines 2 to 64):

Sidebar div

Each heading you see in the Kubrick sidebar maps to one of these items. Most of these items contain sub-lists, such as the categories or archive list:

Sidebar div

Currently the sidebar consists of the following sections:

  • Search field (line 3)
  • Author information, disabled (line 5 to 9)
  • Context specific information (archive, category, etc) on lines 11 to 34
  • Page list (line 36)
  • Archives (lines 38 to 41)
  • Categories (lines 43 to 46)
  • Meta data & blogroll (lines 51 to 61)

I will look at each in turn and, where appropriate, show how they can be changed.

It should be noted that nothing in the sidebar is mandatory. You are free to insert and delete whatever items you want to, and can even dispense with the sidebar entirely. There is nothing to say it even has to be vertical; a common technique is to take certain parts of the sidebar, such as the pages, and turn them into a horizontal menu at the top of the page.

86 comments

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  8. Excellent and very useful article!!!! Thank you for taking the time to share it with everyone.
    Sincerely,
    donald

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  12. It probably is easier to keep search in a separate file, especially if you are likely to change your mind about it. You mention changing its location. You might also want to swap out the supplied WordPress search and use another search (e.g., Technorati, Google).

  13. Great article – really makes it all clear and inspires to make up your own layouts!

    PDF copy of all parts for offline brainstorming would be great! 🙂

  14. Superb resources – I’d echo the call for a printable version of the full article. PDF? *shudder* :o)

    Respect – a great effort, and a generous share.

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  16. I’m working on putting together a PDF version and it’ll probably appear shortly after I complete the series. WordPress is a lot less print-friendly than I hoped for!

    Thanks for the comments too.

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  20. Awesome articles. This + your “installing WP on a local server” post are a dream come true. Any chance you can also add a part some day about making two sidebars? That’s a feat that is soooo far beyond me that I’m stuck with only a few themes to choose from.

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  22. Ugh. Help! This is a fantastic tutorial, and it’s providing me with exactly what I’m looking for. However, after concluding part 2, I am very close to achieving just what I wanted (with the layout, not the styles), but something isn’t right with the sidebar and I can’t seem to figure out what it is!

    Does anyone have any suggests?

    Thanks so much in advance.

  24. Hi Matt. What are you trying to do with the sidebar? There’s only one style in your CSS for the sidebar, and I imagine you want to get rid of the bullet points – you’ll need to change the list-style-type. Hope that helps.

  25. Hi John. Thanks so much for responding!

    I could see from your comment that you must have been seeing something I’m not, so I opened up my site in Firefox, instead of IE. In Firefox, the site is a nightmare, and I hadn’t even realized! Looking at in Firefox, everything you see in white (the header, the blog entries) should be centered. The sidebar should also have a white background (I just haven’t done it yet), and it should be right where it is, beside the content. I don’t know WHAT the hell those bullets are all about!

    Looking at the site in IE, you’ll see that everything is centered correctly, the way I actually want it (though it seems to have other problems).

    I followed your examples very closely, but of course had to make alterations because the elements of my design are different. (No header image, for example; instead, a whole series of html with rollover buttons, etc.) Somewhere in that process, something went wrong…

    Thanks again for responding. This is a GREAT site. You’ve done a better job that 99% of the other sites out there!

    Matt

  26. You know what, John? I’m gonna start from scratch. My site is turning into a horrible mess, so I need to go one small detail at a time and fix it.

    But thanks anyway. 🙁

    Matt

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  29. John,
    I hang my head low and yet again ask for your assitance. Arrrgghh! (pride growls)

    A while back I commented that a mysterious white box overlaid on only a few pages. (Welcome and Disclaimer) If you resize the window the box disappears. I did as you said and removed the hover links – yet the white box overlay remains on my site when viewing with IE. Firefox is my hero still because it never had trouble whatsoever.

    Ideas?
    j

  30. Hi jd,

    I’ve only managed to find the problem on the ‘Welcome visitors’ link, and I couldnt reproduce it on my local machine – it only seems to occur on the live website. Are there any other places it happens?

  31. Hey John,
    Yes, it still happens on the live site for me on the bottom Disclaimer link and when clicking on the newest category I created http://www.wels.net/wordpress/archives/category/general/living-bold/. Incidentally, that too may be a clue, because the previous “new” category, now works! I feel uncomfortable with my coding in single.php, archive.php and page.php when defining the 3rd column and with how I’m ending the body/html tags for page.php. Look at the code starting at the endif statement prior to the get footer.

    jd

  34. John,

    I have successfully styled the search form, and now that I have added a drop-down menu I’d like it to match. I tried this:

    #sidebar select
    {
    border: 1px solid #a97
    }

    But nothing happens. I tried adding a background color, and that worked, so I don’t know why the border isn’t working. Any ideas? Also, is it possible to color the little box with the arrow in it? I tried googling “styling drop-down menus” but everything out there is about JavaScript and DHTML and CSS-built menus… nothing for styling good old simple HTML forms, at least nothing that includes drop-downs.

  35. Drop down boxes are not very well supported by CSS, and are displayed differently in every browser and operating system. You can’t change the arrow without some major Javascript coding, and changing the border colour works in Firefox, but not IE. Some things are best left alone!

  36. Oh well — thanks anyway. Maybe I should undo the styling of the search form, so that the sidebar forms are consistent.

    (Actually, that border color doesn’t work for me even in Firefox.)

  37. Responding to a few of the earlier posts about the bullet points appearing in the wp_list_pages, anyone know why it shows up in the first place? I fixed it with this code here

    #sidebar li, #pagenav {
    list-style-type: none;
    }

    but had to scratch my head over it for a fair while.

  38. The bullet points appear because wp_list_pages outputs the pages as an HTML unordered list, which will get bullet points unless you specifically turn them off in the CSS. You have the right solution to change this!

  39. I am trying to figure out what the ‘wp_specialchars($s, 1);’ function does, could someone perhaps nudge me in the right direction? Thanks for your explanation of the other things, I definitely learned something.

  40. wp_specialchars just encodes certain HTML entities (such as > and <) into a correct form to display on a page (such as &gt; &lt;)

  42. great read.
    I copy and pasted the “Author” code.
    I get a ?Author? as the title.
    How do I remove the begining and ending question marks ?

  44. Hey John

    Thanks for this great tutorial!

    Im having difficulty getting my photo to appear, as I have copied the code verbatim from part 3 page 3. You say that I need to change the part, but I guess Im not following exactly what I need to write here for my picture to show up? I uploaded my picture into the images folder and entitled it author.jpg.

    Cheers, Ryan

  45. Yeah Im getting this weird link for my picture when I right click

    http://www.ryanismy.name/?wp-content/themes/SpahnTheme/images/author.jpg?

    Im getting these ? marks right after my URL and at the end of the URL

    If you click the link below you’ll see I have the right properties to the photo.
    http://www.ryanismy.name/wp-content/themes/SpahnTheme/images/author.jpg

    I also was having that ‘author’ problem because of copying/pasting, so I changed it accordingly to your advice and I also changed the (‘template path’) command in the same fashion, but still having a problem making my pic appear.

    Thanks again,
    Chaser

  47. When I copy and pasted

    ’ . __(‘Pages’) . ‘’ ); ?>

    and refreshed my browser I am now getting a mysterious “About” heading that I can not find anywhere in sidebar.php. I don’t want it and I can’t figure out how to get rid of it.

    Thanks, Chaser

  48. John…
    I followed your instructions and almost created my blog site. I’m stuck at this one thing. Hope you can find some time to help me. I wanted to use the ‘Pages’ link in my header. I couldn’t figure out how to align the links (in the Pages section) in a row – and not in columns. Am I missing something obvious?

    P.S.: Thanx very much for the “tutorial”. Helped me a lot.

  49. Chaser: The code for the ‘about’ has to there somewhere! Try inserting text at different points in the filee and see if you can narrow it’s location down

    Ravi: Take a look here listamatic – it’s a great resource for displaying lists in every direction possible

  50. Thanks for writing this…I’ve been having trouble with learning WP, but now that I found your site, I think I will be able to figure it out. Thanks!

  52. Hi John

    I have installed the Giraffe theme and I really like it. I’m having a problem trying to edit the sidebar and what I want to do is to get rid of the Blogroll heading and its contents that seem to come with every fresh install of WordPress. I expected to find this in sidebar.php and thought I would be able to remove it from here, but I can find no trace of it here. Can you advise me on how to do this?

    Also, I presume that if I want to add a heading to the sidebar that I do this using sidebar-extra.php

    Hoping you can help.

    Regards

    Duncan

  53. The links are configured from the WordPress administration section, and are not part of the theme. If you delete them all from inside WordPress then they will disappear from your blog.

    Yep, sidebar-extra.php is where you can add any extra element into the sidebar

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  57. Hi and thanks for this good tutorial.

    There is only one thing which does not work on my side, the modification of the ‘#sidebar ul h2’ style. Nothing happened.
    I’ve checked all my CSS file, all looks good. Also I’ve tried with ‘#sidebar h2’, ‘#sidebar ul ul h2’, ‘#sidebar li ul h2’…but nothing better 🙁
    I’ve
    Any suggestion ?

    Thanks

  58. You can narrow down the problem by changing the background colour of the elements. For example, first do:

    #sidebar { background-color: red }

    And verify that the sidebar is red. Then turn #sidebar ul red instead etc. Using this method you can track at which point it stops working, which may help you determine if the problem is in your CSS or HTML.

  65. Thanks for your tutorial. I was using the Kuberick theme as the basis for my site, and this really helped me strip it down and modify it.

    I am still having one tiny issue. When you look at an individual post, or a category with few posts, and the post is shorter than the sidebar the background does meet the footer. http://www.mixedstudentresources.com/?p=51
    And the best part is that it is fine in IE, but messed up in Firefox.

    Any ideas?

  67. This tutorial couldn’t have made the process of creating a custom theme any easier. I personally thank you for taking the time to help all of my fellow theming n00bs in getting a custom theme on WordPress.

  68. Ani, you can force this in Firefox by adding a special clearing div element just after the content.

    So,

    <div id="container">
    <div id="content>YOUR CONTENT</div>
    <div style="clear: both"></div>
    </div>

    That basically tells the browse to bring any floating elements (such as the sidebar) back into the main flow of the page, and so displaying the background in FireFox.

  69. If the sidebar is not vertical but horizontal, will it still be called ‘sidebar’… 🙂

    I think it disrupts the normal flow of browsing a blog if you arrange the sidebar horizontally

  71. Jo, if you increase the size of the sidebar you’ll probably need to decrease the size of the content area. Once you’ve done that the rest of the theme will fall into place

  72. […] Dissection of a WordPress theme: Part 3 | Urban Giraffe (tags: WordPress Reference Blogging Tips Themes) This was written by Carlos. Posted on Wednesday, December 26, 2007, at 2:18 pm. Filed under Links. Bookmark the permalink. Follow comments here with the RSS feed. Post a comment or leave a trackback. […]

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  81. Hey!
    Great tutorial! VERY good!
    Now, it’s been a while since you wrote it according to the dates, so I don’t know if you’ll reply this or not.
    When I try to put the calendar up, the whole site freezes and it dissappears leaving only the header..
    And the menu bar is too big, it doesn’t fit properly..

    http://www.mie-design.com

    Do you know what’s wrong?
    🙂

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  86. Very good text. I’ve found your site via Bing and I’m really glad about the information you provide in your articles. Btw your sites layout is really messed up on the Kmelon browser. Would be cool if you could fix that. Anyhow keep up the good work!

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